When most 17 year olds have free time, they will hang out with friends, play sports, or just chill. But not senior Alyssa Franz.? Alyssa is a hunter jumper who com?petes in shows jump?ing over var?i?ous obsta?cles, and she and her horse, Rigby, train when?ever they can.? She trains at a sta?ble in Hugo, MN but com?petes in many places around the country.
?I com?pete mainly in the Mid?west, and some?times Ken?tucky and Florida, usu?ally Ken?tucky,? said?Franz.
Alyssa first started rid?ing eight years ago.? Her mom and Aunt were tak?ing rid?ing lessons when they asked Alyssa if she wanted to take lessons as?well.
?It sounded excit?ing so I wanted to try it,? said?Franz.
When most peo?ple find out that Alyssa rides horses, they are taken?back.
?A lot of times peo?ple are like, ?I don?t know how you do it?, or say that they are scared of horses,? said?Franz.
?I like it because not many peo?ple do?it.?
Hunter jump?ing is a rel?a?tively new eques?trian sport, accord?ing to the United States Eques?trian Fed?er?a?tion, so not many peo?ple know what it is. It is where a rider rides a horse and jumps over fences in an intri?cately designed course.? It takes a lot of hard work, ded?i?ca?tion and prac?tice to become a good com?peti?tor.? How?ever, to be a suc?cess?ful jumper, rid?ersneed to have a great?horse.
?My horse?s name is Rigby.? He is a really tall Hanover?ian breed horse that is gray with brown spots,? said Franz.? ?I try to train with him as often as I can, but some?times in the win?ter, it gets hard to bal?ance hockey, home?work, and training.?
Dur?ing times like this, Alyssa does not have as much time to prac?tice as she would?like.
The main sea?son for com?pet?ing is in the sum?mer, but there are also com?pe?ti?tions dur?ing the rest of the?year.
When com?pet?ing in a show, each rider has a uni?form that they have to?wear.
?For com?pe?ti?tions I wear tan britches, tall black boots, a spe?cial but?ton up shirt with a coat, and a hel?met,? said Franz.
Alyssa has been quite suc?cess?ful in her career as a hunter jumper so?far.
She has won ten cham?pi?onships over her eight year career as a hunter jumper. Ban?quets are held at the end of each sea?son where com?peti?tors are given rib?bons and awards for their achieve?ments.? How?ever, rid?ing is not just about receiv?ing ribbons.
?I love rid?ing because it?s just me and my horse out there,? said?Franz.
>>>we begin this half-hour with new details on the arrest of the father-in-law in the case of a missing utah mom,
susan powell
. he's now facing serious charges, including
child pornography
after a raid on his home tied to his daughter-in-law's disappearance. in a moment we'll talk to
susan powell
's parents. but first, nbc's
miguel
almaguer is in tacoma, washington with the latest.
>> reporter: good morning.
stevenpowell
spent the weekend in jail unable to make bail. detectives say they've just begun their investigation and say more charges could follow. in his first court appearance,
stevenpowell
pled not guilty to 14 counts of voyeurism and possession of
child pornography
. behind bars on $200,000 bails, the father-in-law of
susan powell
is accused of secretly videotaping the missing mother & and an unknown number of other females, including two sisters from his neighborhood just 8 and 10 years old.
police
say some of the unsuspecting victims including the children were nude.
>>we don't know how many victims there are because we've only looked at 5% to 10% of the photographs and videos. what's most disturbing to us is the weird creepy factor with this is already high.
>> reporter: police
raided
powell
's home last month. detectives then saying only the search warrant was connected to
susan
's disappearance.
police
now say they've recovered over 1,000 images, some ten years of secret videotapes and pictures. the raid conducted the same day
stevenpowell
told nbc news his daughter-in-law had likely run off with another man and often flirted with him.
>>susan
and i -- it just happened. i don't know -- i think it was more her than me at the beginning but as it progressed, it was both of us.
>> reporter: susan
's family has always denied
stevenpowell
's allegations, calling them
victim blaming
.
>>clearly, blatantly, attempt to assassinate my daughter's character.
>> reporter: police
say the arrest is not connected to
susan
's disappearance but
susan
's sister says
stevenpowell
may know something more.
>>just knowing that -- what he's capable of, i thought i heard it all, seen it all from that family.
>> reporter: susan
's husband,
josh powell
, told
police
his wife disappeared nearly two years ago after he had taken their
young boys
camping overnight in a snowstorm in the utah desert. shortly after
susan
vanished,
police
named josh a person of interest. but he's always denied any involvement in her disappearance.
>>i could never hurt
susan
or my sons.
>> reporter: shortly after
susan
vanished, josh and his children moved back home here to
washington state
with
stevenpowell
. but after
steven
's arrest, the boys were removed from the home and placed in
protective custody
.
>>i want them to be with a stable family where they can learn good values and grow up normally.
>> reporter: susan
's family is now ready for a custody hearing set for wednesday. a legal battle playing out in the same courthouse where
stevenpowell
's been charged with multiple felonies and faces five years in prison. since the arrest, the
powell
family has denied all of our interview requests and late last week they suffered another setback in court -- a judge said they could not publish
susan
's private journals. ann?
>>miguel
almaguer, thank you so much.
>>>chuck and
judy
cox are
susan powell
's parents. good morning to both of you.
>>good morning.
>>morning.
>>possession of
child pornography
, voyeurism. chuck, let me start with you. what's your reaction to hearing these kinds of charges against your daughter,
susan
's, father-in-law?
>>very disturbing. i had no idea that this was going on.
>>do you think, given that the
police
are now treating his case as a separate case -- you know, i guess i'm asking what is your thinking about this? are you more concerned that
stevenpowell
could have been involved in your daughter's disappearance?
judy
, want to weigh in on that?
>>i feel, being his father, i think it is very possible that he knows something. but that's the investigation with the
police
.
>>chuck, you want to add to that?
>>well, it increases my concern but we let the
police
do their
police
work. we are very comfortable that they investigated all aspects of our daughter's disappearance and they're continuing to work hard on it.
>>have they asked you about what
susan
may have told you regarding
stevenpowell
's behavior toward her, whether she reported any instance in which she caught him videotaping her?
>>we discussed all aspects with the
police
and we have told them that she was uncomfortable with
steven
.
>>you know, i am just trying to get a sense about how you two are wrapping your minds around all the sort of facts of this case. i mean would you say that you are shock by these charges against
stevenpowell
?
>>oh, definitely. definitely shocked by the charges. we had no idea that there would be this -- that this type of situation was going on.
>>does it change the way you look at josh,
judy
?
>>it's hard to look at possibly even the whole family. we just are amazed of -- and shocked and outraged at
stevenpowell
.
>>i know that at the end of
miguel
almaguer's report we heard that your grandsons have been removed now from the home. have you been able to see these children, your grandchildren? do you know that they're okay?
>>we haven't been able to see them. we heard they were in
protective custody
and we're glad that they're being taken care of.
>>so what is your best hope now as you wait for word about your still-missing daughter, still missing after two years, and your two grandsons now in someone else's care?
judy
, what is your best hope now?
>>well, we're very pleased that the children are staf aafe and out of the home. we still want to focus on finding our daughter and we feel with all the energy and actions that have been going on with the
police
that they are doing their job and i think they're doing an excellent job.
>>we hope they're getting close to resolution. they're going to arrest the persons responsible and we're going to find out where our daughter is.
>>well, that's what we all wish you the best on that, chuck and
judy
cox, thank you so much this morning for joining us. our best to you.
Napa Valley fat loss expert, Jeff Larson, CPT, RKC II, is the founder of Napa & Sonoma Boot Camp, Napa & Sonoma Valley?s premier fitness boot camps for men and women. He has assisted numerous people stay fit during the busy and stressful holiday season.Use his 9 diet tips to prevent holiday weight gain and stay fit right through the New Year.
Napa Valley fat loss expert Jeff Larson, CPT, RKC II is the founder of Napa Boot Camp, Napa?s premier fitness boot camp for men and women. He has assisted numerous people prevent the holiday weight gain during this busy and stressful time of year.
Larson claims: ?There are several clever damage control nutrition strategies that you should make use of to best prevent yourself from overdoing it at the holiday festivities this season.?
Use the following 9 nutrition tips below to allow yourself to stay social and to be able to indulge in moderation without splitting your pants before the New Year:
1.) Hydrate
Try to drink at least 1-2 glasses of water before you dig in to those holiday meals. You will have a hard time going for that second plate with a belly full of food and water.
2.) Just Say No to Empty Liquid Calories
Let?s do the math, if you consume 500 calories per day from liquid calories such as soda, alcohol or fruit juice for 7 days you have racked up 3,500 extra calories or 1 pound of extra fat just from your drinks!
3.) Do Not Famine before the Feast
You may think that refraining from food before your cheat meal is a good idea but actually it will just lead to overeating foods that are very high in sugar, fat or both.
4.) Don?t Overeat
You need to understand that the holidays are not a free pass to eat as much as you can before they close the buffet down. Enjoy your favorites in moderation and you will feel better about yourself and your eating habits.
5.) Put the Healthy Stuff First
There are always healthy choices at holiday meals; there is a protein like turkey, prime rib or seafood, generally fruit and almost always a vegetable. Eat plenty of these items first and you will have just a little room left for holiday treats.
6.) Prepare Wisely for Your Holiday Events
You will decrease your cravings at the snack table if you consume a high protein, high fiber meal about an hour before your holiday event. My favorite strategy is to drink a protein shake with added fiber and healthy fats then I am satisfied before the holiday party.
7.) Get Back to Normal as Soon as You Can
I know that the holidays roll around once a year and you are going to want to indulge. So do it. Then get right back on the wagon for your next meal.
8.) Portion Control
Try to eat only half of all the servings of unhealthy food that you choose. Half of the portions equal half the calories!
9.) Claim Your Vigorous Workout Before/After Your Big Meal
Ideally you would want to work out before AND after a big meal, but if you can only do one, that will suffice. The best options will be 20 minutes of circuit resistance training or cardio interval training. If nothing else, get out and go for a walk after dinner.
According to Larson, ?These small changes can literally save you hundreds, even thousands of calories, and more importantly will prevent your holiday feasts from creating the optimal fat-storing environment that will set you back from achieving your health and fitness goals.?
Jeff Larson Certified Fitness Trainer, Certified Nutrition Coach is a local Napa fitness boot camp instructor and real world fat loss expert. Larson is available for a complimentary fitness presentation ?The Lies and Myths of Fitness and Fat Loss? at your local Napa company, club, or organization please contact him by phone at 707-479-0866. For a free 1-week trial to his Napa boot camp to experience the best personal training in the Napa Valley please visit http://www.napabootcamp.com
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Purpose of Knowledge
Article
By
Souran Mardini Ph.D
?
Purpose of knowledge
We propose to examine in this article the following question:
Does knowledge have a precise purpose?
We are ssuming that knowledge, instigated by astonishment and natural curiosity, emerges as the result of the inevitable interaction between man and the universe. The process of thought interaction is indispensable for man?s being. From the moment of the fecundation of the ovule by the sperm (both unknown in origin and presence) and till the realization of the final human form, matured and adult, life phenomenon presents itself as a total enigma. If we accept the hypothesis of internal finality which shapes the final product in term of development, we still have to explain the how does it bring it about and the why should it bring it about. It remains also to answer questions concerning the presence, origin, reason of being of man. The same logic applies to all phenomena, for every object is subject to these questions.
Conflict between finality and hazard is subject to individual conviction. The basis of such conflict is the absence of evidence. Subjectivity dominates the attitude of the individual in order to reach a final personal conjectural conviction.
We consider that the very absence of such possible verifiability leaves the door open for conjecture. In fact, man stakes his choice on this uncertainty. The choice between the mecanicist-atomist-organicist point of view and the vitalist-causalist-finalist perspective is not based on proof; otherwise, the choice becomes baseless. In our perspective we do not presume that hazard is the basis of the choice. It is the opposite; the choice is a well thought out decision.
We do not consider hazard as a random process of decision. It can be a convenient term to label an option of an alternative that cannot be verified. For hazard can be either in an oracular form, considered as a mean of divination, or in the form of indifference hazard, considered by science to be imposed by situation. The probability of hazard, in our perspective here, is unfound if laws of probability can be reduced to exact and succinct laws. According to scientific assumption water gushing out of a tap does so in a succinct and precise order where there is no place for hazard. The probability factor can be discarded depending on our unawareness of the order ofhe result. Our lack of knowledge of causes and effects, even in what is geometrically quantifiable, leads to complexity, often paradoxical remains a problem to be resolved. It is prompted by the limits of present knowledge which remains enigmatic: e.g. the Wall of Max Planck; the mystery of matter and time; the wall of death.
Becoming conscious of one?s limits the individual recoils to his faculty of belief. Metaphysical thought has nearly disappeared giving way to scientific knowledge. Scientific concepts of the emergence of auto organization can lead to arguments of probabilities of internal organizing finalities; external finalities cannot be excluded for lack of evidence.
But these probabilities are inherent within the choice alternative. The imposing enigma of existence prompts the question of creation (whether expressed internally or externally) causing a proof dilemma. The necessity of the faculty of judgment as well as the faculty of belief becomes indispensable, where the two, at one level, become identical.
Oscillating between the mecanicist-organicist explanation and the finalist-spiritualist the individual searches for a satisfactory choice to determine his final decision.
?Like his forced existence, his form, structure, aging and death, every person passes through this life-cycle of appearance and disappearance. Interaction between man and the universe necessitates explanation. This explanation necessitates knowledge. The demand for explanation leads to awareness where man attains an uncertain state of comprehension, labeled as knowledge.
?Ultimate knowledge?, i.e. knowledge of presence, structure, form, origin and finality of objects constituting the universe, remains unknown and inaccessible.
Heidegger, as an example of a materialist, considers that the ?ultimate horizon of science will not be the representation and comprehension of the real but rather its enslavement by the technological?. The discomfort of the metaphysical order, unverifiable by the science, has incited Kant to think that,
?speculative reason is not real and has no sense unless in relation to its submission to practical reason which does not seize to produce ends.?
Knowledge, so far, remains, at best, short of attaining ultimate interaction with the universe. It is the result of man?s capacity to acquire data. This data is limited by what the mind can conceive of the sensible and the intelligible. Neither the observer, man, nor the observed, the universe, is accessible to ultimate knowledge at our present state of knowledge.
?Ultimate knowledge is concerned with the nature, structure, form, change, development, presence, origin and finality of the universe and its constituent parts. We are assuming in this work that this presumed inaccessibility to ultimate knowledge is meaningful. It can be permanent without being pessimist. Its significance lies in the fact that we are unable, so far, to unveil ultimate knowledge. The inaccessibility to ultimate knowledge leads to a state of presumed ignorance. This state knowledge blocks its progress. Confronting of ?assumed ignorance? is attained only through knowledge, where gradually but surely we recognize it by its dead ends.
We assume further that this presumed ?state of ignorance? is ?inevitable?. Knowing attains a certain point where ultimate his enigma the individual aspires for an explanation. From the need for explanations emerges suppositions of causes that can bring about a universe of such dimensions and exactitude. Lack of proof for or against these suppositions creates a two-fold alternative obliging the observer to make his own choice. At this crossroad man is obliged to choose between belief and disbelief. This choice is presented in a two-options-alternative and does not allow for dialectical synthesis. It is either the one, belief, or the other, disbelief, in a creator-cause.
?No individual can believe and disbelieve at one and the same time. And a synthesis of the two is not possible.
Man himself, as one dimension of matter in time, an expression of life realizes gradually his position in this infinite universe, his role and function. He finds himself in a certain shape and form, size and characteristics. He is endowed with the faculties of survival and comprehension. His innate curiosity leads him to inquire into the enigmatic presence of the universe and his own. Man improvises with knowledge, whether scientific or otherwise: intuitive, telepathic, psychic, Para-psychic, artistic,moral, aesthetic or spiritual or even perceptive (karma), to interpret phenomena and eventualities.
?
Directionality of knowledge
Finality
Can the scientific mind exclude all precautions relative to finality, by trying to explain it? Can we limit the explanation to science only? Can science satisfy the questioning of meaning posed by philosophers?
How can we explain that starting off from confrontation with phenomenon, i.e. the vitalized object, belief in a cause emerges as alternative?
Philippe Descamps explains that, ?describing a phenomenon in finalist terms proposes the existenceof a consciousness capable of envisaging the whole and the future, also capable of working out a project that will organize the means of establishing and arranging harmoniously a ?being? made up of parts that develops in terms of the totality and contributing through its cooperation to the survival of an organism, we assume that it is animated by an internal finality, this ?being? is provided with intention.? (Science et Avenir, October,2000).
?
The mechanicist explanation by the positivists does not lead to the explanation of the ?reason of being? that imposes itself.
In other words the ?how? does not explain the ?why?.
Facing a world already made, and constantly changing, man interrogates himself about it, in its totality and in parts. What is the universe and how did it come about? Is there an architect or is the universe eternal, which does not exclude an architect, as Stephen Hawkins assumes, ?If there was a Big Bang then there is a God but if the universe is eternal then there is no need for a God.? For the argument that if the universe is eternal we can very well assume the eternality inaccessible at the present time.
God, as Aristotle suggests in his concept of movement and the prime mover.
If we live in a universe composed of hundreds of billions of galaxies, in which exists hundreds of billions of stars and planets, the field of knowledge is limitless. Man, as a very recent phenomenon, is in his infantile stage of existence and discovery. Planet earth is but one of these infinitely small sparkling spots in our vast system of the Milky Way. The earth, its form and structure, its constituent elements, its presence, its movement and velocity (rotation, tilting, orientation and orbits), its origin (birth, change and development), its position in our solar system, its control, its aging process and its life manifestations, so-called animate and inanimate, confronts man with endless questions. Science is beginning its infinite journey limited to the presence of man.
In this perspective there is no need to presume an already existing sterility of thought. But we are only emphasizing the notion of our present state of a presumed limited accessibility to what can be termed as ultimate knowledge. This can be argued if a state of inaccessibility to ultimate knowledge persists permanently as time passes and man discovers and having the chance to live for a long time. What was before is unknown, where did man come from and what makes us what we are is still unknown. This ultimate knowledge is still unknown.
The suspended threshold of the unknown:
Science does not provide us with any idea of the structure, presence and origin of any of the two enigmas, matter (or substance) and time. It speculates on the manifestations of the atom, being the smallest constituent particle of matter, offering no knowledge of its nature, presence, origin, cause,its reason of being, its governing laws, its functions and its control. What are atoms? Where do atoms come from? What it is is not within the reach of man.
he does not change its biological-chemical fundamentals according to a pre ? order mechanism. The three mediators initiate its presence and controls its form and structure and designs its characteristics? All these questions belong to the domain of knowledge, and in particular, scientific knowledge.
Science, which purports to ?know? about the ?how?, attempts to explain the mechanics of what is and what was. It attempts to discover how conditions are required for the formation of such universal mosaics.
Considering man as a spectator-exploiter, he is unable to create something from nothing. The composition and characteristics of matter itself allows him to use it according to its laws and nature. Such control, which maintains matter as Objects modified genetically presume modification of what is according to the laws that already govern it.
?Isotopes of Plutonium 239 PU existing already in nature are exploited to bring about its potential characteristics. No scientist can pretend to creating from nothing an element or a law of matter. He only discovers the mechanism of splitting atoms and using its energy, for example, that already exists llion DNA characteristics chart already exists in the human body controlling life development structure, form, color, size, change and development. An apple exits, functions and develops according to its already made precise program. Man discovers and discovering its characteristics can develop further its potentialities that are allowed by its own design, but substance; otherwise, it seizes to be what it is and might become, if at all, something else.
Science is unable, so far, to identify empirically the structural nature that prompts such order and what assembles its constituent parts together to produce a final product. that can be a mental seizure, psychological, or moral. Faith or rejection of a cause for the faithless to the assumptions of belief and disbelief. He has, not immune to personal convictions. It is precisely this.
Even though a scientist shows disinterest for finalities he makes his decision and lack of evidence is forced to ultimately, deliberate his choice. In the process of acquiring his knowledge through his investigation the scientist becomes gradually aware of possible inaccessibility, somewhere in his ascendance. He realizes that every discovery opens up for other discoveries, an unlimited chain. This motivates the scientist to continue his work. The perplexity and vastness of the subject leads on to resolve one mystery after another where he comes to a closed sphere of knowledge. Very few people, especially scientists, would admit this. Knowledge is endless, everybody assumes it.
In any belief-system individual conviction is subject to personal interpretation. The concept of God in each religion differs from one religion to another and specifically from one individual to another. But the overall general concept of belief in response to whether ?God is? or ?is not?, can be commonly shared.
Lack of evidence for the existence of God in religious belief systems results also in the individual choice. The claim of belief in religions is based on linguistic communication.
Whether in belief systems or metaphysics, thought is a process of communicative linguistic expressions that finally leads to expressing one?s convictions. In the case of faith, such symbol system of value judgment is not prerequisite to either belief or disbelief. Direct and immediate acceptance or rejection is prompted upon the confrontation of the faithful with phenomenon (a rose, for example, can prompt such a be the result of a direct seizure of the necessity of a creator or reject faith. This experience, where every person is bound spiritually or psychologically to take a stand. Communicating in symbolic systems such as for example letters, numbers, lines, colors, gesture and sounds, is not always necessary for representing one?s faith which can be intuitive, immediate, direct and wordless, or the rejection subject to, is neither communicable nor transmissible to others.
Symbolic-reference is not necessary in this case. Awareness of a creator-cause can be attained without mediation or meditation nor intellectualization. Man can directly seize the symbolic-reference of an object or an event (a tree, a landscape, a galaxy, orbit of earth). What is inevitable in the mind value-judgment is the individual?s own reckoning of a need, or non-need, for such a belief. Uncertainty of what is prescribed in belief-systems is the pivot-point in these questions. It is the point where an explanation is instigated.
From constant confrontation between man and the universe such a need is prompted. This confrontation triggers off the quest for knowledge indicating a purpose.
?If faith is automatically felt reason can consolidate it only by conjecture. In this case, reason is used to argue for or against faith.
Dependant on the individual?s attitude the choice can be in favor of either one option or the other. For this, absolute freedom of choice is needed in order to make the decision, since there is no evidence to give support to either option.
Tension and harmony between reason and belief has marked distinctions of attitudes throughout the ages. It has been the cause of extremes in attitudes (pros: St. Augustine, Aristotle, Leibniz and cons: Nietzsche, Russell, Sartre) as well as oscillations between metaphysics and scientific objectivism.
Objectivism was brought about through verificationalism and reductionalism (Galilee, Laplace and Descartes) in opposition to the dogmatic teachings of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. or in opposition, due to lack of evidence. This is levels where the two do not meet. They might be in par Scientific knowledge is an empirical symbolic identification that can be parallel to belief but on two different and distinct allelism because the criterion of scientific empiricism cannot apply to systems of belief. The two are completely separated.They can be exploited to consolidate one another, which is often the case (Aristotle, Galilee, Hawkins). The orbit of the earth around the sun cannot be taken as a proof, or as evidence, for the existence of a designer nor as a disproof for such a designer.
For the believer, the orbit needs a cause-designer time-keeper, but the absence of means to verify the need for such a presumption consolidates the argument of the disbeliever.
Both cannot establish an evidence for their arguments but rather can only make a choice. In any way, the individual can not escape belief or disbelief.
The different attitudes of Kant and Heidegger indicate in this sense tension between speculative metaphysics and the impact of science. The discomfort of metaphysical speculation, which is non verifiable by science, has prompted Kant to think that speculative reason is not real and has no sense except with regard to its compliance with practical reason(experience), which in its turn does not stop to provide ends.
Observation does not provide us with significance but it is our value judgment that does so. If a sense of order is figured out by watching natural phenomenon, it is our orientation to recognize such a reaction that allows a sense of order.
Order can be presumed on observing the universe, its form, structure, movement, change and cycles. Albert Einstein mentions, ?We find in the objective world a high degree of order?. It is claimed by some scientists that if the Big bang was advanced or retarded one split of a trillion of a fraction of evidence, and escapes it by discarding it but ma and life may have never been produced.
A second, the universe would have been in a different shape Galaxies (condensed presumably from a nebula of dust and gas matter) are submitted to rigorous precision of ?order? otherwise the universe would have not developed in its present form. Planet earth is constructed in such a way that life in its multiple and complex forms appeared. Conditions of life themselves are submitted to succinct order, control, laws and rigorous discipline. Any perturbation in the conditions of life (lack of oxygen, exposition to ozone zone, important perturbances in atmospheric pressure, density and zone of flora) renders life impossible. Any disorder in the rotation of earth around its axis or its orbits would result in disappearance of life. How does such order work? And what keeps it in control?
?Genetic charts are of an unpaired exactness. Every natural phenomenon is subject to strict laws with relation to its nature, presence, structure, form and function.
The history of knowledge is concerned with the discovery of things and their laws. Such logic implies that if there are laws governing the universe then there must be order. But order and organization and arrangements are indiscernible in the laboratory of the scientist. He faces a wall of the non viability admit it within himself.
The finalist position is rejected by most scientists today, for it is outside the domain of scientific rationalism, but scientific findings are themselves subject to change and uncertainty.
The non evidence assumed by the scientist of the finalist position renders him to reject such a possibility. But can the scientist do away with it altogether. Henri Atlan considers that at the origin of these finalities, bearers of significance, we find, in human societies, contradiction between religious traditional presumptions and scientific knowledge. Likewise; and in the ultimate analysis, scientific knowledge loses its verifiability when ?ultimate knowledge? imposes itself exacting the origin, order and organization in material of
science. Certain uncertainty of scientific discoveries remains eminent open to disagreement among scientists, especially to fundamental questioning about matter and origin in micro and macro fields. Science postulates theories subject to verification and change but are limited by the limits of subjectmatter itself. The scientist, although discarding causality from his account, can not avoid the question of causality.
Descamps assumes, with respect to external finality, that an inert object, presented as an organism, or an individual, exists for another end than itself. It is by supposing this that external finality emerges. It is not for the object ?to be?. In other words, the object itself cannot bring itself about. He does not attribute consciousness to the object itself but, on the contrary, to an external consciousness outside everything an ranscendental to everything. If the domain of explanation is amputated of all forms of finality, and disciplines want to be constituted as science must eliminate finality from its expression. The advent of modern physics and the passage to the conception of an infinite universe have consecrated scientific death of finality, because it imposes the postulate oforganizing thought of the world, is sent back to the ranks of the occult forces. The idea of ?extra universe finality?, an externality ad infinitum, becomes presumably contradictory, a thing that has to be established. But if an extra universality is dismissed on the postulate of the infinity of the universe then why not postulate that such extra universality is infinite in its turn. Likewise the advent of modern sciences does disprove the existence of such an externality. In fact, both presumptions lack evidence and neither proof nor disproof can be produced in support for the existence, or non existence, of such an externality.
?
?
But, does renunciation of finalism satisfy the mind? How
can we explain the development of things from simple
atoms, the cellular or molecular fundament, to its final state,
mature and concrete?
?
Confronting the Universe
The starting point of knowledge is that ?man has to confront with the universe? and ?the need to explain it?.
In the first place, we must face scientific explanations of the universe and its constituent parts. The ?complexity principle? adopted by Hubert Reeves proclaims a complex structure found already in the constants of the universe since the setting off of the cosmic process. He specifies that, ?the Universe possesses, right from the first instances, the proprieties requisite to elaborate the complexity?. This can be conceded if we accept the hypothetical assumption of a beginning singularity.
This complexity that has given birth, development and structure to the universe depends on relatively meager number of fundamental constants. Without these constants the universe can neither be nor can be dilated up to its present form already in progression or in digression.
The structure of numerous systems in nature, from the microscopic scale to cosmological scale, is based on the values of this relatively small number of fundamental constants of physics.
The following tables A and B explain this idea:
Permitivity
Table A
The fundamental constants of physics
Quantity Symbol Numeric values
Light speed c 3?10p8 m/sec
Electric charge of
proton
e 1,6?10p-19
coulomb
of
emptiness
eo 8,85?10p-12
farad m-1
Constant of
Planck
h 6,63?10p-34
joule sec
Constant of
Boltzmann
k 1,38?10p-23
joule/K
Mass at rest of
proton
mp 1,67?10p-27 kg
Mass at rest of
electron
me 9,11?10p -31 kg
Constant of the
gravitation
of Newton
G 6,67?10p-11 m3
kg-1 sec-2
Constant of the
weak force
gw 1,43?10p-62
joule m3
Constant of the
strong force
gs 47,4?10p-26m
Length of Planck (Gh/e3)1/2 2?10p-35m
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Table B
A modest change in the values of these constants results in a
radical alteration of the structure of the Universe. The
cosmological framework can considerably be transformed, to
the point of being sterile to the emergence of life:
thermonuclear
Diminution Augmentation
Interaction
(Strong)
of the constant of
coupling
-No other nucleus
than oxygen
-No stars, no
carbon
Of the constant
of coupling
-Formation of
heavy
nucleus; no
carbon
Electromagnetic
-No chemical link
possible, so no
complex organic
molecules
-No susceptible
nucleus forming
organic
molecules
Interaction
(Weak)
-Universe
containing only
helium; no water
-No cycles of
nuclear reactions
of combustion of
hydrogen
-No supernovae
-No supernovae,
so no ejection of
heavy elements
necessary to the
generation of
living beings
Gravitational -No division of
in
the midst of
interstellar clouds
in contraction
-No supernovae (1)
-Very short
duration of life
of stars;
no planets
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We recognize in these systems, without separating ourselves from the field of science, a kind of immanent finality to the universe, a profound coherence of all its constituent parts.
Science searches for a scientific coherent theory that can explain everything. A unique theory such as the hypothetical Theory of Strings or the hypothetic M-theory (Master theory) enigmas then how can knowledge be considered as knowledge?
that can be able to describe all fundamental interactions of matter and its laws in order to comprehend the secrets of the world from the infinitely small to the infinitely big.
?The attempt, for example, of Stephen Hawkins to unify quantum theory with the Theory of General Relativity is, up to now, non realizable. The Theory of Strings remains also a hypothetical postulate rejected by many scientists.
Descamps mentions that ?science eliminates finality from its discourse, but this total dismissal on the part of scientific?
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1. Sciences et Avenir (Journal), Octobre, 2000, Paris, France.
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??progress inaugurates a new model of phenomena
interpretation: it is of the machine and mechanicism, which discards, in the least rationality i.e. the spiritualist finalist model.? He considers further, ?that the mechanicist explanation of the real refinds itself more reinforced and legitimated by the fact that it opens up innumerable possibilities for technical realizations: its scientific richness can thus be measured and this measure is made in the light of its technical applications that it allows.? (Sciences et Avenir, November, 2000).
The comprehensiveness of man in the universe does not contradict his capacity to take a distance, even in a limited and artificial way, and to apprehend as an observer. In the final analysis, the two phenomena, universe and man, are enigmas that impose itself setting off knowledge. If the two are How did the universe come about and why? How did man come about and why?
These questions belong to the folkloric psychology of every individual. Why should we ask these questions and why should we answer? Where does man?s curiosity lead him to?
And why should there be curiosity at all?
Scientific knowledge maintains that most economy in the means of explanation does not keep into consideration except efficient causes: The principle of sufficient reason by imposing precedent chronologically the phenomenon that is the effect. But if the finality model is excluded from allsciences, certain essential and vital problems remain unresolved.
The science of living things lacks then in satisfactory explanations facing their life behavior in their evolution, development, adaptation and reproduction. In such a life model finality seems to animate its biological objects.
Physics, for example, cannot reduce certain arguments to mechanicist causes, such as the second law of thermodynamics postulating the necessary increase in the entropy of isolated systems. The explanation of lively organisms remains open to finality. Reducing these organisms to automatism or atomism, as the reductionalists and mechanicists assume, takes away the fact that they are lively beings.
?Despite scientific progress science cannot succeed to pierce the wall of this stage of knowledge.
Ultimate knowledge represents the capacity of man to get to know universally, and without any ambiguity of hypothetical thinking, the real and true responses to the answers of fundamental questions: regarding the presence, origin, reason of being, nature and finality of every constituent object and finally the Universe itself, perceptible and intelligible, separately and in unison, as well as the empiric links between
cause and effect, where the ?enigma? seizes to be.
However, due to its subjectivity the finality perspective remains open to personal interpretations.
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For example, if the paper-cutter for Sartre and the statue for Aristotle are fabricated with the intention of a precise function in the mind of its maker, then why stop limiting the logic underlies the concept of existentialism calling for impose itself on man: a point of departure for process to a human maker and not apply it to a natural phenomenon, such as a tree or the sun or even the universe, to a cause-maker? The basis of such a perspective is that we can verify the existence of the human maker but cannot verify the existence of a universe-maker. The universe, can well be argued, is an auto-productive system of auto-dynamism, but the question of what generates such a production and dynamism rests to be validated.
The incapacity of science, at the moment, to provide with such evidence does not annul the probability of a hypothesis of such maker proclaimed by the vitalist-finalist model.
Meanwhile, the tree and the sun, galaxies and the universe are food for knowledge and thought.
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Examples of value judgments
We refer to the paper-knife in the example of Sartre?s logic of existentialism. This is an example of reflection, between man and the universe and what a philosopher can conclude in his concept to justify his atheism. The notion of ?Existentialism? stems from the example given by Sartre of the paper-knife, but discards the example of a tree because of lack of proof for a maker. Sartre went further in his explanation. He excluded the existence of a ?maker? for the paper-knife to find himself only with the ?paper-knife?, existing on its own, a self-made object, as the basis for his assumption. And hence, the ?paper- knife?, according to the Sartrian logic, has never had a ?maker?, and comparatively, so is the world. The logic that the absurdity of being, becomes, at this point, itself absurd. Sartre accepts the presence of the paper-knife but denies the need for a maker-artisan of the paper-knife. He does not explain ?how? the paper-cutter came about. This absurdity is precisely the purpose of Sartre?s philosophy of existentialism. In this way man?s existence, according to Sartre, does not need a maker movement, as a ?necessity of reason? proclaimed by L?existence and hence does not need a creator-cause, and hence it becomes absurd in presence, in origin and finality. By rendering the world absurd Sartre, by begging his own question, considers it as absurd. The counter question, following his logic, is: how can the paper-knife exist without an artisan conceiving it?
?The essence?, according to Sartre, does not precede ?existence?. It is quite the opposite; it is the ?existence? that precedes the ?essence?. This logic is used by Sartre to legitimize his presumption for the absence of a creator cause for the world. By discarding an artisan for the paper-knife he discards a designer for the world.
An easy way, absurd as it is, to do away with a ?maker? for the universe is imposed by scientific empiricism, above all the non necessity of such a maker, for the tree itself is already in Nietzsche, as another example when facing the universe, denies ?order? and ?laws? and assigns the universe to be a product of ?chaos? and ?hazard?, by doing so he gets rid of the need of a ?creator-cause?.
The individual person when facing the universe and trying to explain it, has the free choice to believe or disbelieve in any causality assumption. The Aristotelian postulate of the ?prime cause? prompted by a ?presumed necessity? to explain Leibniz and a ?moral necessity? proclaimed by Kant.
The five assumptions of Sartre, Nietzsche, Aristotle, Leibniz and Kant represent personal convictions.
If we admit the finality of a house is habitation and the finality of medical science is healing, we cannot then exclude theoretical hypothesizing about finality for natural phenomenon, atmospheric pressure, water and the sun, life and Man.
?The scientific taboo is found between the maker of intentional finality, in objects made by man that are subject to verification, and a presumed maker of natural phenomenon, a presumption eliminated from explanation.
The postulated argument of St. Augustine identifying ?reason with revelation? remains, at best, a personal conviction, and not subject to verification. Logic here submits the idea of the existence of a God, depicted in the Scriptures, to human reason. Such an exercise, very frequently used in the history of religious thought (often drawing support from Aristotelian metaphysical presumptions), attempts to justify statements of the Scriptures according to monotheistic assertions. The attempt is only intellectually hypothetical. Should there be the least index of its proclamations the whole humanity has already found its way for an explanation. Lack of evidence becomes the pivot of the attitude of men. Any evidence, for or against the existence of a designer-cause, annuls immediately any belief system.
The argument of the existence of the universe vis-?-vis the non existence of the universe as a comparative-contrastive index appeals to reason by begging the question. The nihilist, the skeptic, and the one who doubts, as well as the agnostic, can reduce this argument to nullity. All depends which side the individual has chosen.
Through the enigmatic presence of the universe and man we seem to be in perpetual lack of knowledge.
?Our present knowledge is suspended as ever between these two enigmas. In this respect, we do not consider as valid the assumption of Jacques Monot of using the term ?teleonomy? to denote ?non-intentional finality characterizing the integrated functioning of biological unit?.
?It is a contradiction in terms, since hazard is present as alternative. Therefore; if, and only if, hazard is the cause of finality, even if finality is non intentional, it seizes to be hazard. It becomes calculating intelligence of decisive control leading to order. Mechanical causality explains the mechanism of relations without attempting to explain the instigating factor of such causality, nor of the nature of force of its assumed control, of the animated aspect. If the auto-mechanism is considered as the instigating factor for the universe, it remains to explain the instigating factor itself.
Can we explain phenomena by mechanical causality only, if we demand for the ?how?, particularly, in explaining biological phenomena? A man, or a lizard, cannot be a mechanical robot and a tree as well cannot only be a productive machine. Reducing everything to atomistic mechanics leaves the question open to its presence, its origin, form and structure, its laws, its controlling system and the instigating power, the motor of its mechanical functioning.
This idea can be valid in explaining the mechanism of phenomena, already in existence, but does not explain its very existence and why such mechanism should function.
?Scientific verificationalism rejects metaphysical speculations as non subject to empiricism. But, facing a phenomenon, the scientist is forced to take a stand towards these questions. He can either believe in a causal finality or reject it. The fact remains valid that lacking the establishment of any links between the universe and a presumed finality leaves the question open to individual convictions, and the scientist is no exception. Any individual, whether a scientist or not, may oscillate between causal finalities and scientific mechanicism, but has to make his decision either way. He cannot believe in causality and reject it at one and the same time.
?If finality, internal or external, can be identified and indicates that ?intentional action leads to a purpose?, and that finality is ?the final cause determining the presence and maturity of an object, we can demand why is it the case?
If we accept the argument of a believer in external finality and things are made for an external purpose, then man ought to serve a cause other than himself; an inadmitted cause by science and a metaphysical presumption.
The encounter between man and phenomenon sets off the process of thinking leading to an inevitable end: a choice.? It is to this end we attributesense. The end of a human being is to procreate or to die, forexample, but the fact of reproducing as well as death is linkedin a precisely defined cycle manifested in terms of a beginning, a course and an end. This cycle can suggest a precise finality. Our interest here concerns man as finality by himself before his death, although subject to it, and his confronting with the universe has this end.
Man?s knowledge is one way to enable him to choose. He can choose directly by other means, faith or belief without reference to knowledge. But we consider that the ultimate purpose of knowledge is to enable man to choose. Surviving ensures man?s presence to acquire enough knowledge in order to choose.
?Each time a new discovery is made we come a little bit closer to reality?, asserts Karl Popper. If we accept the presumption of the two-fold enigma namely, man and the universe then the probability of a third enigma, namely a designer externality emerges. Dismissal altogether of such probability does not deny the probability of the choice but confirms it.
If science rejects finality as non-verifiable, finality remains insistent by the phenomenon of motivation of things, simply by becoming what they are. The embryo develops in such a precise schematic totality that is realized in the finality of man adult and mature.
The cause, whether mechanic or non-mechanic, remains an unknown factor to be resolved, being afinal cause or an efficient one.
The universe forces itself upon our mind to produce a never ending process of interactions where we are obliged to know.
Knowledge motivates us to search for explanations, whether for immediate utility or a far fetched one. Knowledge becomes fully meaningful when it allows man, by giving him the means of decision, to choose between finality and mechanism, in response to his natural drive for an explanation of his own existence.
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About the Author
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chris christie : Looking for best car insruance limits.
Response : Each State requires that people buy liability insurance. Liability insurance is the type of coverage that pays the medical bills and damaged property in a car collision. The driver is the cause of the accident will be responsible for the other drivers medical bills pay and for the repair of the damage of the property; This is the purpose of insurance.
A State of minimum requirements
To ensure that everyone has the means to pay the medical expenses and loss expenses following an accident, which, you have caused, every State has requirements for liability coverage. All personal injury must purchase coverage, and they also property damage coverage.
Each State distributions a sum of money for medical expenses for one person. You determine a lot to fault tolerance driver must for at least two people injured in a car collision. The final amount is allocated to the repair of damage property.
Delaware, for example, requires that its drivers have at least $15,000 in medical costs for at least one person and $30,000 for at least two people for the whole accident. Drivers need to purchase also $5,000 on invoices for property damage. The numbers are written usually in this way: 15/30/5.
The minimum requirements, not appropriate
As Delaware can be seen, this extremely low numbers are displayed. The fact of the matter is that it is often the case that these minmum requirements for the insruance? not nearly enough to cover all the costs, which were in a car collision. With as this case, drivers found that that are error parties in an accident open proceedings of the people, which affected.
The best car insurance limits
Insurance agents agree to, that the minimum requirements is not sufficient. Another surprising party agrees the insurance agents, further liability coverage is required: leasing companies. Anyone who is a vehicle leasing must agree that the best car liability limits concerning insurance have been completed to: 100/300/100.
Thus, it is $100,000 for the medical costs, a victim of car accident and hospital and rehabilitation dies funeral expenses expenses for at least one person. $300,000 will assault on the entire accident for at least two claims be shown, and $100,000 covers all damage.
The undervaluation of the cost
The area where States insurance coverage that have underestimated the need, is in the area of property damage. In all States, the amounts for reporting to repair and replace you property are the lowest with the least amount required is $5,000 and the most being $25,000 for the entire accident. Some car collisions exceeded landscaping alone $100,000 bills.
The strict State
In a no-fault State insurance companies assign no fault driver to either before they start to pay the Bills. The reason is that these States which request, buy all pay personal injury protection (PIP) insurance for their own medical expenses; These limited rights to sue each other in a car collision also driver. But this system leaves damage. In a no-fault State, a driver will be found fault in deciding which damaged responsible for the repair of property is.
The States have pointed out, that prevent that each driver is left without a way to their medical bills to pay, if they are injured in an accident, but these are not enough. The Best?car insurance? limits will cover more people in more situations.
Thus, the best thing is first know your state limits, compare auto insurance online, get the best car insurance limits with the cheapest car insurance quote.
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Tagged with: Best Car ? Car Collision ? Car Insruance ? Car Insurance ? Fact Of The Matter ? Fault Tolerance ? Insurance Agents ? Insurance Liability ? Leasing Companies ? Liability Coverage ? Liability Insurance ? Liability Limits ? Medical Bills ? Medical Costs ? Medical Expenses ? Open Proceedings ? Property Damage Coverage ? State Distributions ? Sum Of Money ? Vehicle Leasing
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State vehicle/auto insurance
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ScienceDaily (Sep. 26, 2011) ? A scanner which combines the convenience of a desktop scanner with the functionality of a powerful laboratory imaging device has been developed at the University of Oxford's Faculty of Classics, and is now being commercialised by a new company Oxford Multi Spectral Limited which was recently spun out by the University's technology transfer company Isis Innovation.
The scanner was developed for imaging ancient papyri and the technology has been used to successfully scan, restore and archive over a quarter of a million historically significant manuscripts.
Oxford Multi Spectral Limited (OMS) will focus on the applications in restoring manuscripts and art, as well as the huge potential market for detecting forged security and border control documents, bank notes and forensic evidence.
Managing director of Forensic Document Services, the biggest forensic document company in the Asia Pacific, Paul Westwood, explained the Oxford scanner could be used to analyse a huge variety of samples, including crime scene samples such as counterfeit and altered documents as well as documents bearing erased or faded entries and signatures: 'The portable nature of the scanner means that it will be a great resource when document examiners are required to undertake examinations out of the laboratory environment, such as at Court Registries or the offices of opposing lawyers.
'We anticipate that using the Oxford scanner will be like moving from using a dark room to using a modern digital camera. We can use it to detect what is currently invisible and make it visible.
'The compact design and powerful imaging and analysis will be of great benefit to document examiners worldwide.'
OMS CEO, Mike Broderick said: 'OMS delivers multispectral imaging capabilities superior to large laboratory systems in a very cost-effective apparatus.
'Current multispectral imaging kits use cameras, but they are large, expensive and need specialist operators. Our scanner uses well-proven flat-bed scanner technology and powerful image processing to scan visible and 'invisible' features which absorb and reflect light at different wavelengths such as inks, pigments, polymers or papers.'
Dr Alexander Kovalchuk, the physicist who invented the scanner explained: 'An ordinary colour image has three layers: red, green and blue; a multispectral image has many more layers, some of which are invisible to the human eye, but all of these layers contain potentially useful information. Our scanner is capable of registering an unlimited number of layers.'
Dr Dirk Obbink, University Lecturer in Papyrology and head of the research group which developed the scanner said: 'The technical leaps we made mean many ancient documents which were previously unreadable can now be scanned and read.
'We can take digital images at different wavelengths of the light band and layer them on top of each other, using software to analyse them. We can set the equipment to interrogate a feature we are interested in: the surface structure, fibres, stains, watermarks, fingerprints, or alterations. We can detect an artist or writer's signature under multiple layers of paint or the pencil sketch under a watercolour.'
OMS has secured an investment of ?250,000 from a Chinese investor Changsha Yaodong Investment Consulting Co and its UK based partner RTC Innovations to commercialise, manufacture and market the scanners globally. It received ?47,600 from the University Challenge Seed Fund last year for prototyping work.
Isis Innovation managing director Tom Hockaday said: 'OMS will be the first spin-out from the University of Oxford's Faculty of Classics and indeed from the University's Humanities Division. We are delighted to see the impact of this technology across other disciplines.'
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Fashionista Honor Warren falls in line behind her parents -- actress Jessica Alba and Cash Warren -- as the trio head to Nate 'n Al's for breakfast in Beverly Hills, Calif. on Saturday.
Shockingly Simple But Powerful Negotiation Strategies Save The Ordinary Joe Thousands Of Dollars Of Foreseen Expenses!
There are many ways how to fire up the negotiation in an open manner. You may have not known how to start off a fruitful negotiation with your counterpart. In the very initial phase you may think what you know for certain is the exact process to start the negotiations. But it is absolutely a false notion. You have to make a perfect negotiation blueprint to sort out your negotiation tactics.
How can you make the negotiation blueprint?
It is not very hard to chalk out the negotiation blueprint. You have to note carefully the two ways how you can deal with the issue.
1) In the very initial phase all you have to do is to pay heed to the issue in a critical manner. Then you try to make it out. In the final step you try to find out the way how to tackle the issue in a brilliant manner.
2) You have to toil a bit to make an environment that is absolutely cooperative. Your main aim would be to win the trust and faith of the party you are negotiating with.
3) Never take any interest in haphazard negotiations. Actually what I have mentioned as the first strategy is all the while a risky tactic. While making a negotiation blueprint if you try to demand more you are on the wrong track. It is sure that your opponent is sure to be enraged.
If your opponent is not in good mood you are sure to mar the strategy of negotiation. In the very initial phase if your opponent has to stumble hard it can be told with ease that he is sure to leave the track. Hence it is the best way to make a rapport in the very initial period.
Discover How You Too Can Save More, Keep Under Your Budget, And Make More Money With These Simple Negotiation Tactics You Can Apply In Any Business!
Going out for a good relationship
If you think that the things are very difficult to handle you must go out searching the points so that you can come closer to your opponent. Try to elaborate the points you have chalked out. Even it must be your effort to know the points that your opponent is willing to elaborate. You have to respect his points in the very initial phase. You can have a free chat on the points that your opponent is willing to highlight. Actually the session would be a session of gathering information from both parts.
Taking cautious steps
But all the while you have to keep in mind that you have to move cautiously. After knowing well the likes and dislikes of the opponent you have to decide how to move the next round. You have to be careful lest the opponent should never outsmart you. In the negotiation blueprint if you allow your opponent to be aggressive you are sure to lose. So move every point in a cautious manner. Never neglect your opponent and at the same time never be swept by the points elaborated by that particular person.
Oakwood Healthcare has promoted the benefits of leading a healthy, active lifestyle to people of all ages long before the issue received national attention.
The Red October Run, which takes place on Oct. 1 at Oakwood Annapolis Hospital (OAH) in Wayne, is no exception. The event, which features a 10k and a 5K run as well as a 5K walk and the ?Kids? Jr. October Mile? a one-mile fun run or walk for children, is part of the healthcare system?s Youth and Family Fitness Initiative, according to Cynthia Cook, who has organized the run since it originated 21 years ago.
?It?s designed to promote a healthy lifestyle and provide an opportunity for healthy activities to children and their families,? said Cook. ?We think it?s a great way to promote youth fitness.?
When it returns this year to the streets of Wayne, it will bring additional children?s activities with it. In addition to the October Mile, there will be an Arts & Scraps Scrapmobile for children to ?make & take? an art project, a children?s ID kit station, and the Wayne Fire Department will be on hand?complete with a fire truck?to lead children in safety activities.
?We wanted to offer more for the kids who come to the event with their parents and grandparents,? said Sandi Martin, manager of patient relations at Oakwood Annapolis Hospital. ?It?s going to be a lot of fun.?
The Jr. October Mile is a free part of the event, where children can walk or run, some ?skimping? is permitted and parents can take the course along with their young ones. It is not timed; everyone gets a ribbon and snacks at the end of the course?and plenty of applause, too.
?It emphasizes participation, rather than competition or speed,? said Cook
The Red October Run attracts hundreds of runners of various experience; it is an official, timed course with prizes for top finishers as well as Oktoberfest-themed refreshments including hot dogs, cider, doughnuts, bagels and fruit. There will be a prize drawing for 10K/5K registrants, as well, with items ranging from $100, $75, $50 certificates from Hansons Running Shop, two tickets to a Detroit Lions game, Adidas Digital Candy red chronograph watch, and Stainless Red October Run water bottles and polar fleeces.
Do you feel that working as an employee with a 9 to 5 schedule is cramping your style? Getting tired of rushing to the office and back home every day, spending wasted hours travelling to and fro? Are you tired and bored doing the same things repeatedly, over and over again? Check out your other options.
You can get another job closer to home but maybe still have the same problems you regularly face. Then again, you can break free and be an entrepreneur. Be your own boss with your own time doing what you want to do.
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The best internet businesses are those that do not involve one time or one off deals. Put up an internet business that is sustainable, that will continue to operate with minimal supervision. You can search for many exciting opportunities. Choose one that you have a passion for, that will not be just a means to an end but a desired, educated choice.
Map out your plan in making your home based business a success:
from choosing products or services to offer, reaching your market and on to making the sale. Some basic steps you can take for say an internet business revolving around your blog or one you intend to establish follows:
Home Based Business Step # 1: Build a Community. You need to populate your blog. Make sure you are attracting the right type of people to buy your products. As example, if you intend to sell female fashion products to sell to large women (instead of standard sized clothing), make sure your members, followers or visitors are generally fashion enthusiasts with concerns you can address. Having a good blog site assures your visitors that of your trustworthiness, that you are not just a faceless virtual seller.
Home Based Business Step # 2: Offer Your Unique Product Line. You may wish to sell only fashionable women?s tops (clothing) for large women in your special label. There are many different types of tops you can offer to include: blouses, vests, tank tops, sleeveless shirts, tees and graphic tees, short sleeved and long sleeved shirts.
Home Based Business Step # 3: Market Your Product. You can appeal to your followers? emotions when you market your products, in making them realize the need to get these items from you versus getting them with difficulty in physical stores which at times may even be an embarrassing experience.
Home Based Business Step # 4: Sell Your Product. Set up your home based business to allow your buyers to choose, send to cart, securely pay and expect delivery soon after. If you wish to keep it simple initially, you can localize your business. Have a fill in product order page with easy payment and delivery terms to agree to.
Once you have made the necessary arrangements, you are set to test market, then on to launching and selling your products to your target buyers. Be confident. If you did your homework and executed your plans right, you are on your way to success.
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The main sea?son for com?pet?ing is in the sum?mer, but there are also com?pe?ti?tions dur?ing the rest of the?year.
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